A goal ahead at the interval, the Blues allowed the Cherries to level early in the second half, but then bit back with two more strikes to clinch their sixth league win.
The Blues started brightly as David McCracken shot wide in the fifth minute and then Chris Zebroski found Matt Harrold in the seventh, but the in-form striker's effort on the turn was blocked.
Bournemouth had a decent first-half spell and created a chance in the 20th minute when Warren Cummings produced a looping free-kick which goalkeeper Scott Shearer tipped over for a corner.
But Wycombe, using a 4-3-3 system created by Taylor, responded well and went ahead following a spell of possession.
Zebroski's lofted ball into the box found Harold, who prodded home his first goal for Wycombe since signing from Southend in the summer.
This should have set the Blues up for an easy ride, but Bournemouth drew level in the 57th minute.
Cummings capitalised on an error by defender McCracken and cut the ball back from the left to Danny Hollands, who fired home the equaliser.
Taylor's team then showed their character as well as their class when, two minutes later, they went ahead again when Matty Phillips' long cross from the right was forced home by Zebroski.
The home side went two goals clear in the 84th minute when substitute Scott McGleish headed home from six yards out from a knock down by Zebroski.
Wycombe could have got another, but Gavin Grant's half-volley attempt fizzed wide in the final minutes.
Bournemouth had moments, notably when former England star Darren Anderton tried his luck from around the box, but they were well beaten as the Blues went to number one.